一百多年來,當醫學已深入到 DNA 與表觀遺傳學,我們知道得愈多,就有愈多疑惑。基因設定我們的大腦特質,教養與環境互動改變基因的表現方式。在「神經多樣性」的光譜上,我們發現愈來愈多「特質」,很可能已經寫在大腦裡,從亞斯、過動、憂鬱、躁鬱、思覺
失調、自戀、精神病態、廣泛焦慮、恐慌,人類大腦彷彿是由數不盡的「特質」加上各種天賦能力交織構成。
有一門學問叫做「生活史策略」(life history strategy),會以各種精神病理來分析,這樣的特質對繁衍後代有什麼優缺點,為什麼塑造這樣特質的基因可以大量留存。我們必須以數萬年前的角度來看待這些特質,而「生活史策略」的分析常偏向男性觀點,因為遠古時代的男性如果能在年輕時就「到處播種」,自然會有利於基因流傳。那時的青少年並不需要長時間坐在椅子上唸書或打電腦,而好動、衝動、有時魯莽、喜歡冒險、有時白目多話的過動特質,在那時對一些女性可能頗具吸引力,讓他們在十幾歲就有不止一個後代。
也許過動特質會讓這些部落人民容易死於意外,例如在山崖間跳躍時掉落深谷。但沒關係,就基因角度來看,只要在死前有留下夠多的後代,那就是勝利者。
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